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Contact: Richard Lewis Richard_Lewis@brown.edu 401-863-3766 Brown University
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] Advances in fuel-cell technology have been stymied by the inadequacy of metals studied as catalysts. The drawback to platinum, other than cost, is that it absorbs carbon monoxide in reactions involving fuel cells powered by organic materials like formic acid. A more recently tested metal, palladium, breaks down over time.
Now chemists at Brown University have created a triple-headed metallic nanoparticle that they say outperforms and outlasts all others at the anode end in formic-acid fuel-cell reactions. In a paper published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the researchers report a 4-nanometer iron-platinum-gold nanoparticle (FePtAu), with a tetragonal crystal structure, generates higher current per unit of mass than any other nanoparticle catalyst tested. Moreover, the trimetallic nanoparticle at Brown performs nearly as well after 13 hours as it did at the start. By contrast, another nanoparticle assembly tested under identical conditions lost nearly 90 percent of its performance in just one-quarter of the time.
"We've developed a formic acid fuel-cell catalyst that is the best to have been created and tested so far," said Shouheng Sun, chemistry professor at Brown and corresponding author on the paper. "It has good durability as well as good activity."
Gold plays key roles in the reaction. First, it acts as a community organizer of sorts, leading the iron and platinum atoms into neat, uniform layers within the nanoparticle. The gold atoms then exit the stage, binding to the outer surface of the nanoparticle assembly. Gold is effective at ordering the iron and platinum atoms because the gold atoms create extra space within the nanoparticle sphere at the outset. When the gold atoms diffuse from the space upon heating, they create more room for the iron and platinum atoms to assemble themselves. Gold creates the crystallization chemists want in the nanoparticle assembly at lower temperature.
Gold also removes carbon monoxide (CO) from the reaction by catalyzing its oxidation. Carbon monoxide, other than being dangerous to breathe, binds well to iron and platinum atoms, gumming up the reaction. By essentially scrubbing it from the reaction, gold improves the performance of the iron-platinum catalyst. The team decided to try gold after reading in the literature that gold nanoparticles were effective at oxidizing carbon monoxide so effective, in fact, that gold nanoparticles had been incorporated into the helmets of Japanese firefighters. Indeed, the Brown team's triple-headed metallic nanoparticles worked just as well at removing CO in the oxidation of formic acid, although it is unclear specifically why.
The authors also highlight the importance of creating an ordered crystal structure for the nanoparticle catalyst. Gold helps researchers get a crystal structure called "face-centered-tetragonal," a four-sided shape in which iron and platinum atoms essentially are forced to occupy specific positions in the structure, creating more order. By imposing atomic order, the iron and platinum layers bind more tightly in the structure, thus making the assembly more stable and durable, essential to better-performing and longer-lasting catalysts.
In experiments, the FePtAu catalyst reached 2809.9 mA/mg Pt (mass-activity, or current generated per milligram of platinum), "which is the highest among all NP (nanoparticle) catalysts ever reported," the Brown researchers write. After 13 hours, the FePtAu nanoparticle has a mass activity of 2600mA/mg Pt, or 93 percent of its original performance value. In comparison, the scientists write, the well-received platinum-bismuth nanoparticle has a mass activity of about 1720mA/mg Pt under identical experiments, and is four times less active when measured for durability.
The researchers note that other metals may be substituted for gold in the nanoparticle catalyst to improve the catalyst's performance and durability.
"This communication presents a new structure-control strategy to tune and optimize nanoparticle catalysis for fuel oxidations," the researchers write.
Sen Zhang, a third-year graduate student in Sun's lab, helped with the nanoparticle design and synthesis. Shaojun Guo, a postdoctoral fellow in Sun's lab performed electrochemical oxidation experiments. Huiyuan Zhu, a second-year graduate student in Sun's lab, synthesized the FePt nanoparticles and ran control experiments. The other contributing author is Dong Su from the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Laboratory, who analyzed the structure of the nanoparticle catalyst using the advanced electron microscopy facilities there.
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The U.S. Department of Energy and the Exxon Mobil Corporation funded the research.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Contact: Richard Lewis Richard_Lewis@brown.edu 401-863-3766 Brown University
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] Advances in fuel-cell technology have been stymied by the inadequacy of metals studied as catalysts. The drawback to platinum, other than cost, is that it absorbs carbon monoxide in reactions involving fuel cells powered by organic materials like formic acid. A more recently tested metal, palladium, breaks down over time.
Now chemists at Brown University have created a triple-headed metallic nanoparticle that they say outperforms and outlasts all others at the anode end in formic-acid fuel-cell reactions. In a paper published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the researchers report a 4-nanometer iron-platinum-gold nanoparticle (FePtAu), with a tetragonal crystal structure, generates higher current per unit of mass than any other nanoparticle catalyst tested. Moreover, the trimetallic nanoparticle at Brown performs nearly as well after 13 hours as it did at the start. By contrast, another nanoparticle assembly tested under identical conditions lost nearly 90 percent of its performance in just one-quarter of the time.
"We've developed a formic acid fuel-cell catalyst that is the best to have been created and tested so far," said Shouheng Sun, chemistry professor at Brown and corresponding author on the paper. "It has good durability as well as good activity."
Gold plays key roles in the reaction. First, it acts as a community organizer of sorts, leading the iron and platinum atoms into neat, uniform layers within the nanoparticle. The gold atoms then exit the stage, binding to the outer surface of the nanoparticle assembly. Gold is effective at ordering the iron and platinum atoms because the gold atoms create extra space within the nanoparticle sphere at the outset. When the gold atoms diffuse from the space upon heating, they create more room for the iron and platinum atoms to assemble themselves. Gold creates the crystallization chemists want in the nanoparticle assembly at lower temperature.
Gold also removes carbon monoxide (CO) from the reaction by catalyzing its oxidation. Carbon monoxide, other than being dangerous to breathe, binds well to iron and platinum atoms, gumming up the reaction. By essentially scrubbing it from the reaction, gold improves the performance of the iron-platinum catalyst. The team decided to try gold after reading in the literature that gold nanoparticles were effective at oxidizing carbon monoxide so effective, in fact, that gold nanoparticles had been incorporated into the helmets of Japanese firefighters. Indeed, the Brown team's triple-headed metallic nanoparticles worked just as well at removing CO in the oxidation of formic acid, although it is unclear specifically why.
The authors also highlight the importance of creating an ordered crystal structure for the nanoparticle catalyst. Gold helps researchers get a crystal structure called "face-centered-tetragonal," a four-sided shape in which iron and platinum atoms essentially are forced to occupy specific positions in the structure, creating more order. By imposing atomic order, the iron and platinum layers bind more tightly in the structure, thus making the assembly more stable and durable, essential to better-performing and longer-lasting catalysts.
In experiments, the FePtAu catalyst reached 2809.9 mA/mg Pt (mass-activity, or current generated per milligram of platinum), "which is the highest among all NP (nanoparticle) catalysts ever reported," the Brown researchers write. After 13 hours, the FePtAu nanoparticle has a mass activity of 2600mA/mg Pt, or 93 percent of its original performance value. In comparison, the scientists write, the well-received platinum-bismuth nanoparticle has a mass activity of about 1720mA/mg Pt under identical experiments, and is four times less active when measured for durability.
The researchers note that other metals may be substituted for gold in the nanoparticle catalyst to improve the catalyst's performance and durability.
"This communication presents a new structure-control strategy to tune and optimize nanoparticle catalysis for fuel oxidations," the researchers write.
Sen Zhang, a third-year graduate student in Sun's lab, helped with the nanoparticle design and synthesis. Shaojun Guo, a postdoctoral fellow in Sun's lab performed electrochemical oxidation experiments. Huiyuan Zhu, a second-year graduate student in Sun's lab, synthesized the FePt nanoparticles and ran control experiments. The other contributing author is Dong Su from the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Laboratory, who analyzed the structure of the nanoparticle catalyst using the advanced electron microscopy facilities there.
###
The U.S. Department of Energy and the Exxon Mobil Corporation funded the research.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
COLUMBUS, Ohio (Darron Pinkney from University of Nevada Athletics Media Services) - The University of Nevada rifle team finished in eighth place at the 2012 NCAA Rifle Championships that took place Friday and Saturday at Ohio State.
TCU used a dominating effort in air rifle to erase a five-point deficit to claim its second national championship in the last three seasons. The Horned Frogs edged out Kentucky who had the lead after day one 4,676-4,661. Rounding out the field of eight in third was Alaska, followed by Army, UTEP, West Virginia, Jacksonville State and Nevada.
Nevada had a nice showing in the small bore event, finishing with 2,306 points behind strong outings from Olivia Pennell and Dempster Christenson. The team had 2,326 points in air rifle behind solid marks by Clif Little and Christenson who each scored 584.
Several members of the team were honored as Chelsie Hata and Dempster Christenson were named to the National Rifle Association All-American air rifle team. Christenson was also named to the All-American small bore team.
?The team had a very good year and I am proud of their accomplishments this season,? head coach Fred Harvey said. ?I hope we can build on our success going into next season.?
I don't have kids myself, but when I came across Deep Trip, well, it's fairly obvious which market's being targeted. It's a pleasant, cheerful game with a simple learning curve and cartoony graphics. That being said, if you find yourself spending time with it, too, don't be ashamed. It really is quite fun.
Deep Trip is designed in the tradition of games like Helicopter, where you hold the screen to ascend, let go to descend, and try not to crash into anything along the way. Instead of a helicopter, you're a long, orange sea snake (eel, perhaps?) who is trying to find your way home.
While the concept sounds simple, it's actually deceptively difficult, especially considering how winding underwater can be, loaded with all sorts of pointy rocks and wrecked ships and whatnot. To combat this, Deep Trip places powerups throughout the level that afford you some protection on your journey.
If you collect one powerup, your little snaky eel gets a helmet that's good for one crash into an obstacle. However, if you collect two powerups (collect a second powerup while still wearing your helmet), you're granted near-invulnerability for a time, madly careening about, smashing through anything that gets in your way without consequence.
Deep Trip is also Papaya-enabled, which is a social gaming service that looks suspiciously similar to OpenFeint. On Papaya you can see your best attempts, compare your results to other people playing Deep Trip, add friends, check out more games that are using Papaya, and chat with friends you've made. It looks like a pretty comprehensive social hub, despite it being kind of barren, friends-wise.
If you're looking for a game to kill some time or quiet your little one, Deep Trip looks like it'll fit the bill. It doesn't even cost a penny, so it's at least worth checking out.
The stars came out in Birmingham on Thursday for the opening of the second annual Uptown Film Festival, a celebration of Michigan-made films and filmmakers.
The three-day festival runs through Saturday at the Birmingham 8 and Palladium 12, and is capped off by the third annual Michigan Film Awards at the Palladium 12.
The Uptown Film Festival has expanded during its second year, with half a dozen premieres and three days of short and feature-length films. The festival has partnered with Gleaners Food Bank this year, as well as Defeat the Label, a national anti-bullying nonprofit.
Thursday night was highlighted by the Michigan Filmmakers Reception at the Birmingham 8, followed by the premiere of Brothers on the Line from Michigan-born filmmaker Sasha Reuther.
Making the rounds at the reception was one of the co-executive directors of the Uptown Film Festival, Jeffrey Spilman. Also the founder and managing partner of Ferndale-based S3 Entertainment Group, Spilman said this year's film festival is in a different league.
"Filmmakers are coming in from all over the country," Spilman said. "People are happy ... we're here to show the world what Michigan can do."
One of those filmmakers was Reuther, whose family has led the United Automobile Workers (UAW) for half a century. Reuther ? a Detroit native who now lives in New York City ? said he wrote, directed and produced Brothers on the Line, which tells the story of the UAW, social activism and his family's legacy.
Reuther said this was his first feature film and it means a lot for the world premiere to be in Michigan.?"To have it in Michigan is a really big deal," he said. "It means so much to this audience."
The festival also means a lot to 21-year-old aspiring filmmaker Keith Leigh-Monstevens, a Rochester Hills native who graduated from film school in 2010.
Leigh-Monstevens said he returned to Michigan after graduating from college to take advantage of the state's film incentives and work in his home state.
However, after Gov. Rick Snyder capped the incentives at $25 million a year in his 2012 budget, Leigh-Monstevens saw many of the jobs dry up and said he's had a hard time finding work.
At the reception Thursday so that he could network, Leigh-Monstevens said he's still optimistic about the future of Michigan's film industry.
"They were saying Michigan was going to be the next Hollywood," he said. "We still hope that we can fight and get those incentives back."
With the Uptown Film Festival expanding to three days this year, Spilman noted the festival was also able to spill out into surrounding Birmingham businesses. Three afterglow parties were scheduled Thursday through Saturday at Birmingham's what's crepe, Barrio and South Bar.
"I think the (festival) is a really great event for Birmingham," Birmingham City Manager Bob Bruner said on his way into the reception Thursday. "It's getting people downtown, especially during a time when some people might not be out."
The Birmingham community and its merchants have welcomed the festival during its second year, said Laura Bayoff-Elkins, event director for Uptown Entertainment. Select restaurants, such as Zazio's and Salvatore Scallopini, are even offering special deals for those with ticket stubs from the festival.
Bayoff-Elkins said for those behind the festival, Thursday night is a relief and celebration.
"Everyone has worked really hard," she said. "Now it's time to sit back and relax."
Catch up with Birmingham Patch's coverage of the 2012 Uptown Film Festival by checking out all the stories we've published at Uptown Film Festival 2012. Then, stay tuned for Patch's coverage all weekend at our Facebook page and by following us on Twitter.
All Critics (87) | Top Critics (22) | Fresh (82) | Rotten (5) | DVD (1)
A remarkable -- and likely enduring -- tribute to an artist committed to creating dance theater drawn from humanity's deepest physical and emotional reserves.
For anyone with an interest in dance, "Pina" is a must-see. For anyone not interested in contemporary dance, "Pina" is a should-see. It could change your mind.
Pina is a tribute of an artist by an artist, a friend to a friend. But its great genius comes from the mournful, as well as celebratory, reckoning of the performers Bausch pushed, collaborated with and inspired.
What might seem like a convenient bid for publicity - the first 3-D art-house film! - turns out to be the only logical way to showcase the action.
This meditation on movement and space, transportation and transcendence is not to be missed.
What the filmmaker has created is an inspired simulacrum - a jewel-box that contains more of Bausch's kinetic soul than film has any right to.
'Undefeated' won the Oscar, but the most truly inspiring of the Documentary Feature nominees is 'Pina.' I know next to nothing about dance, and I was mesmerized.
Mondern-dance documentary is visually dazzling but it doesn't make the slightest effort to invite the unconverted to the party.
Watching Pina is like being inside one of Bausch's surreal pieces.
Bring someone who doubts that movies can surprise us anymore. ... Bring somebody who isn't yet excited about stereoscopic cinema. They'll change their minds.
Most documentaries put us inside people's heads. The dazzling, experimental Pina puts us inside people's feet.
[An] utterly transfixing, exhilarating spectacle of bodies in motion.
The 3-D is so subtle, unobtrusive and low-key that at times I felt like I was watching the movie through a View-Master rather than the requisite plastic glasses. That's not meant as a knock.
"Pina" isn't just for dance fans or those curious about the latest in 3-D. It's a celebration of life.
An immersive moviegoing experience beyond imagination.
A unique and often sublime artistic experience, "Pina" is a 3-D dance film that immerses us in the movement, letting us feel that we could reach out and touch these dancers as they float past us.
Outsiders might have more difficulty comprehending Bausch's mastery, especially whacked up into bite-sized pieces of inscrutable emotion and abrupt movement.
Dance fans won't want to miss it, but be prepared to be frustrated almost as often as you're awed.
Exciting if elusive - appealing to dance enthusiasts
Wenders and the Tanztheater company have combined to offer a masterful tribute to Bausch's unique vision, one that's enhanced by 3D.
A spectacular show of movement and stagecraft.
Sans 3D, Pina becomes a more unified work of undisputed merits, a passionate, fitting tribute from one of Europe's preeminent filmmakers and documentarians.
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Each year I tell myself that I will make it out to SXSW and each year I fail to attend due to other commitments mainly to prep for the start of the motorsports season. This year unfortunately, I will again miss out on a trip to Austin and am even more upset after hearing news of KORG?s SXSW Showcase.
Korg has put out great musical products for over 50 years and this year they will be celebrating in Austin with their /Fuse Frequency Showcase at the venue, ?Cielo.? The event is open to the public and features an amazing collection live performances by artists including: Idle Warship (Talib Kweli + Res), Dawn Richard, Schoolboy Q, J*DaVeY, Trevor Wesley, Cool Roy and 9th Wonder with Terrace Martin. There will be a special debut performance by REDi.
I guess there?s always next year?
Full press release below
Los Angeles, CA, March 8, 2012 ? If you?re heading down to Austin next week for the highly anticipated, multimedia SXSW festival, you will want to free up your afternoon on March 17th. Korg today announced that they will be holding their /Fuse Frequency showcase at Cielo, located at 505 Neches St. in Austin.
?Korg is always looking for new and innovative ways to contribute to the music industry?s creative community,? said Evan O?Brien, Korg Entertainment Relations Manager. ?With /Fuse Frequency we are able to provide a multifaceted music experience with influential and buzz worthy talent that we not only support but recognize as the top talent of tomorrow.?
This official SXSW event is open to the public and will begin at 1pm. It will feature live performances by Idle Warship (Talib Kweli + Res), Dawn Richard, Schoolboy Q, J*DaVeY, Trevor Wesley, Cool Roy and 9th Wonder with Terrace Martin. There will be a special debut performance by REDi. Sounds provided by Meka (2DopeBoyz).
The /FuseFrequency band will include Jae Deal (Janet Jackson, Ne-Yo, and Snoop Dogg), Mike Moore (Kid Cudi, Jamie Foxx, Bun B), Chuck Gipson (Tyrese, Sean Kingston) and musical phenomenon Eddie Brown on the piano and organ.
Every year thousands of bands, artists and other music industry elite and notables gather to get a glimpse of the latest trends in music. /FuseFrequency, will showcase every element of the live performance from the lighting to the instruments to the mic. /FuseFrequency provides an atmosphere that transcends genres via world-class musicianship in synergy with world-class DJs.
In 2011 SXSW had over 100,000 attendees, 49,126 total registrants, 16,353 for the music aspect in particular, 6,990 media members and over 92 stages. The future of media, artists and interactivity is defined at SXSW. Take a stand at this unique exhibition to connect with leaders in the music industry.
About Korg Korg, a worldwide leader in musical product design and manufacturing, has been in business for nearly 50 years.
Product ranges include keyboards and controllers, music workstations, including the flagship KRONOS, soft synths, digital recorders, tuners and metronomes, dance tools, professional arrangers, multi-effects processors and more.
Over the years, Korg and its products have received numerous awards and honors from members of the music industry trade and consumer press in countries around the world. In 2012, Korg celebrates the 10th anniversary of its popular microKORG analog modeling synth, which has been used by countless artists around the globe.
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Public release date: 12-Mar-2012
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