Excess sugar linked to cancer

Feb. 1, 2013 ? Sugars are needed to provide us with energy and in moderate amounts contribute to our well-being. Sustained high levels of sugars, as is found in diabetics, damages our cells and now is shown that can also increase our chance to get cancer: The dose makes the poison as Paracelsus said.

It is well known that obesity is a leading cause of diabetes, a disease where the body fails to control blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels are characteristic in obesity and diabetes. What is less well known is that diabetes and obesity are also linked to an increase in cancer risk. That is, the diabetic population has up to double chances to suffer pancreatic or colon cancer among others, according to well sustained epidemiological studies. With obesity in British and Spanish children reaching 16%, the highest in Europe, this epidemic has major health implications. How obesity or diabetes increase cancer risk has been a major health issue.

Scientists led by Dr. Custodia Garcia-Jimenez at the University Rey Juan Carlos in Madrid have uncovered a key mechanism that links obesity and diabetes with cancer: high sugar levels, which increase activity of a gene widely implicated in cancer progression.

Dr Garcia Jimenez's laboratory was studying how cells in the intestine respond to sugars and signal to the pancreas to release insulin, the key hormone that controls blood sugar levels. Sugars in the intestine trigger cells to release a hormone called GIP that enhances insulin release by the pancreas.

In a study published in Molecular Cell, Dr Garcia Jimenez's team showed that the ability of the intestinal cells to secrete GIP is controlled by a protein called ?-catenin, and that the activity of ?-catenin is strictly dependent on sugar levels.

Increased activity of ?-catenin is known to be a major factor in the development of many cancers and can make normal cells immortal, a key step in early stages of cancer progression. The study demonstrates that high (but not normal) sugar levels induce nuclear accumulation of ?-catenin and leads to cell proliferation. The changes induced on ?-catenin, the molecules involved and the diversity of cancer cells susceptible to these changes are identified.

Dr. Custodia Garc?a said "We were surprised to realize that changes in our metabolism caused by dietary sugar impact on our cancer risk. We are now investigating what other dietary components may influence our cancer risk. Changing diet is one of easiest prevention strategies that can potentially save a lot of suffering and money."

Colin Goding, Professor of Oncology at the University of Oxford, UK said 'Previously we were unsure about how increased blood sugar found in diabetes and obesity could increase cancer risk. This study identifies a key molecular mechanism through which high blood glucose would predispose to cancer. It opens the way for potential novel therapies aimed at reducing cancer risk in the obese and diabetic populations.'

Estimations published by the World Health Organisation (WHO): Obesity predisposes to diabetes and its prevalence is doubling every 20 years worldwide. More than 1 in 10 adults worldwide (12%) are obese (BMI>30). 1 in 6 children in UK and Spain suffer obesity.

Diabetes caused 4.6 million deaths in 2011, more than 2 deaths per hour in Spain, more in USA. Worldwide, 1 in 10 adults (10%) suffered from diabetes in 2010 and more than one-third of individuals with diabetes are unaware they suffer from the disease. The national cost of diabetes or cancer is in the order of billions of pounds or euros in Spain or England.

More than half (63%) of premature deaths worldwide are due to non communicable diseases (NCD) of which cancer and diabetes are among the 4 causes more frequent. At least 1 in 3 of the main cancers (27-39%) can be prevented by improving diet, physical activity and body composition.

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Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/C5wsqFcw0WY/130201100149.htm

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Strategies Colin Kaepernick Jersey For Effective Self-help / Youth ...

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Source: http://www.youthwavebd.com/strategies-colin-kaepernick-jersey-for-effective-self-help/

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Video: New Orleans ready for Super Bowl

>>> well, super bowl weekend is here with everybody gearing up for the parties, the food, beyonce at halftime, the ads, the unsanctioned wagering, the dueling brothers back story. and at some point, the actual game. nbc's janet shamlian reports tonight from new orleans .

>> reporter: new orleans has always known how to throw a party. but it's never been more ready than on this weekend.

>> good hospitality, good food. it's awesome.

>> reporter: primed for its close-up, and polished as bright as the sparkle on these championship rings.

>> in is a coming out for new orleans . i mean, we are sending the message that we can recover from anything.

>> reporter: this is the tenth super bowl in the big easy . but the first since katrina more than seven years ago when the super dome was the site of so much suffering. it stands today a monument to resilience.

>> it's been a great story of the recovery with a lot of help from the whole nation.

>> reporter: football great archie manning , often called the first citizen of the city.

>> we are proud. and people here that have kind of stuck this thing out --

>> reporter: there are still lingering scars. this weekend is a milestone. hotel rooms are full. and the economic boost could top $430 million. mardi gras will add to the total.

>> all this money is going to really help all the local people who have really suffered for, you know, what has it been, eight years?

>> reporter: as the kickoff nears, the brother coaches, john and jim harbaugh , fielded questions today before taking the field.

>> there's no better coach than the national football league than this guy sitting right here.

>> well, jack harbaugh , he's pretty darn good.

>> that's true.

>> reporter: no matter which team you're rooting for.

>> nothing finer than being a 49er.

>> go reasons!

>> reporter: there's little doubt, everyone is cheering for new orleans . could anything make this super bowl weekend better?

>> if the saints were in it.

>> if the saints were in it, that would be the only awesome thing.

>> reporter: well, they couldn't make that happen this year, but crowds are pouring into the city tonight. and while this game is still 48 hours away, no surprise here, brian. celebrations are already well under way.

>> with helicopters overhead, janet shamlian lucky enough to be in the big easy this weekend. thank you.

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/nightly-news/50672322/

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Bioelectric signals can be used to detect early cancer

Feb. 1, 2013 ? Biologists at Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences have discovered a bioelectric signal that can identify cells that are likely to develop into tumors. The researchers also found that they could lower the incidence of cancerous cells by manipulating the electrical charge across cells' membranes.

"The news here is that we've established a bioelectric basis for the early detection of cancer," says Brook Chernet, doctoral student and the first author of a newly published research paper co-authored with Michael Levin, Ph.D., professor of biology and director of the Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology.

Levin notes, "We've shown that electric events tell the cells what to do. The voltage changes are not merely a sign of cancer. They control and direct whether the cancer occurs or not."

Bioelectric signals underlie an important set of control mechanisms that regulate how cells grow and multiply. Chernet and Levin investigated the bioelectric properties of cells that develop into tumors in Xenopus laevis frog embryos.

In previous research, Tufts scientists have shown how manipulating membrane voltage can influence or regulate cellular behavior such as cell proliferation, migration, and shape in vivo, and be used to induce the formation or regenerative repair of whole organs and appendages. In this study, the researchers hypothesized that cancer can occur when bioelectric signaling networks are perturbed and cells stop attending to the patterning cues that orchestrate their normal development.

Tumor Cells Exhibit a Bioelectric Signature

The researchers induced tumor growth in the frog embryos by injecting the samples with mRNAs (messenger RNA) encoding well-recognized human oncogenes Gli1, KrasG12D, and Xrel3. The embryos developed tumor-like growths that are associated with human cancers such as melanoma, leukemia, lung cancer, and rhabdomyosarcoma (a soft tissue cancer that most often affects children).

When the researchers analyzed the tumor cells using a membrane voltage-sensitive dye and fluorescence microscopy, they made an exciting discovery. "The tumor sites had unique depolarized membrane voltage relative to surrounding tissue," says Chernet. "They could be recognized by this distinctive bioelectric signal.

Changing Electrical Properties Lowers Incidence of Tumors

The Tufts biologists were also able to show that changing the bioelectric code to hyperpolarize tumor cells suppressed abnormal cell growth. "We hypothesized that the appearance of oncogene-induced tumors can be inhibited by alteration of membrane voltage," says Levin, "and we were right."

To counteract the tumor-inducing depolarization, they injected the cells with mRNA encoding carefully-chosen ion channels (proteins that control the passage of ions across cell membranes).

Using embryos injected with oncogenes such as Xrel3, the researchers introduced one of two ion channels (the glycine gated chloride channel GlyR-F99A or the potassium channel Kir4.1) known to hyperpolarize membrane voltage gradients in frog embryos. In both cases, the incidence of subsequent tumors was substantially lower than it was with embryos that received the oncogene but no hyperpolarizing channel treatment.

Experiments to determine the cellular mechanism that allows hyperpolarization to inhibit tumor formation showed that transport of butyrate, a known tumor suppressor, was responsible

The research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (awards AR061988, AR055993) and the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation.

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Journal Reference:

1. Chernet, B. T. and Levin, M. Transmembrane voltage potential is an essential cellular parameter for the detection and control of tumor development in a Xenopus model. Disease Models & Mechanisms, 8 February 2013 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010835

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/OUvNh7wQr4Y/130201090812.htm

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Why Hasn't the Whole Universe Collapsed into an Enormous Black Hole? [Video]

Scientific American contributing editor George Musser answers viewer questions submitted to YouTube's Spacelab Channel

By Eric R. Olson

Image: Research.gov

Questions answered in this episode:

"Let's say I'm an alien on a ship 65 million or more light-years away. Using a telescope, I look at Earth and I see dinosaurs living their daily lives. If my ship started travelling towards earth near the speed of light. Would I see the dinosaurs moving faster--fast-forwarded?"?sl270703

"If all movement is relative, how can there be a speed limit? In order to measure speed, you have to measure it against something. So...what is the speed limit measured against?"?lordv27

"If a black hole's event horizon gets bigger every time its density gets bigger, i.e., it "absorbs" mass, why hasn't the whole universe collapsed into an enormous black hole yet? Shouldn't this kind of expanding black hole be getting bigger exponentially? And will this be the end of our universe and possibly the birth of a new one (or where ours began?a big bang)?"?Shaido666

Submit your questions for the next round of Ask the Experts by clicking here and posting in the YouTube comments (Google account required). And while you're there be sure to subscribe to the Spacelab channel for weekly videos on space and astronomy.?

The question with the most "likes" will be answered in the next video by a new guest expert. Previous episodes have featured astronomer Caleb Scharf, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and Scientific American's own editor in chief, Mariette DiChristina.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=c4b041af87857920d45018cb1ba45650

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Stability Still Matters as Investors Embrace Risk Again | Benzinga

Kent Hargis and Chris Marx, managers of AllianceBernstein's Low Volatility Equities portfolio, argue the merits of low volatility stocks. The views expressed herein are their own.

After years of chasing safety at all costs, investors are now reaching for opportunities in long-spurned riskier stocks. But they will still want to safeguard their portfolios against painful market swings in the future.

Our research has found that adding a ?stability? bucket to an investor?s overall portfolio can provide the downside defenses investors need in the long term, while still capturing equity upside potential in rallies.

Research going back to the 1970s shows that less volatile stocks tend to outperform the market over long periods. Steadier stocks typically compound more of their gains than riskier stocks over full market cycles, in part because they don?t lose as much in selloffs. And preserving capital in downturns can have a big impact on performance in the long run (we think of it as gaining more by losing less).

Reflecting their countercyclical nature, low-volatility stocks have very low correlations with traditional equity strategies (higher-risk, higher-return low-valuation, small-cap and high-price-momentum stocks.) Thus, low-volatility strategies offer strong diversifying benefits.

This is no small point. In recent years, amid widespread macroeconomic fears, correlations reached unusual levels as stock prices moved in the same direction, defeating traditional methods of diversifying equity risk by style and capitalization. This was not true of less volatile stocks. Our analysis found that a hypothetical low-volatility portfolio held up better than value, small-cap and price-momentum portfolios during the global financial crisis. Interestingly, it was the only strategy to rise during the 2010?2011 European debt crisis.

Strategies that explicitly target low volatility and those that target high fundamental quality?such as high return on assets, strong cash generation and disciplined balance-sheet management?are both effective at capturing equity returns with less risk. But our analysis indicated that combining these two strategies generated even stronger risk-adjusted returns than either approach alone, mainly because of their complementary behavior over a full market cycle.

In simulations since 1989, we found that a high-quality portfolio worked best in bull markets, whereas a low-volatility portfolio was much better at tempering losses in market slumps. Over the long run, a portfolio that combined both characteristics maintained the higher return potential of a portfolio of stocks chosen simply for its high quality, and reduced risk more than a portfolio chosen strictly on the basis of a passive low-volatility screen.

We believe that active management is the way to go in low-volatility investing. Unlike approaches that passively invest in less volatile stocks, active low-volatility strategies can adjust exposures based on valuation and other fundamental factors to manage risk and boost return potential.

Many of the winners in the recent risk rally are the economically sensitive or controversial stocks that were most unloved when safety was all that mattered. This reversal is a healthy development, though it proved challenging for low-volatility strategies in the latter half of 2012. Over the long run, however, we believe that an active approach combining quality and low volatility will serve investors well, by enabling them to participate in sustained equity rallies while also protecting against the inevitable rough patches along the way.?

(c) 2013 Benzinga.com. Benzinga does not provide investment advice. All rights reserved.

Posted in: Markets, Best of Benzinga

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Source: http://www.benzinga.com/markets/13/01/3288132/stability-still-matters-as-investors-embrace-risk-again

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Facebook And Twitter Battle To Rid Themselves ... - Business Insider

Sex workers are openly using Facebook, Twitter and other social media to openly advertise their services.

Prostitutes and escort agencies have created hundreds of unrestricted pages on Facebook, causing concern that children are being exposed to both explicit content as well as the services of the sex industry.

Many of the pages include explicit photographs, descriptions of services alongside phones numbers, addresses and prices.

Facebook has removed dozens of the pages after being contacted by The Times newspaper.

The site said it ?has a clear set of rules and these pages broke them?, but said it could only take action when offensive items were reported to them by members of the public.

The postings were also reported to Twitter, but the microblogging site declined to comment or take action. Under the company?s rules, content would need to be illegal to be considered in breach of its terms and conditions.

The concern over prostitution follows recent complaints that crimes involving Facebook and Twitter have increased 780 per cent over the last four years.

This included offenses committed on the sites, such as posting abusive messages, and those which were provoked by postings, including violent attacks.

But researchers said police forces refused to tackle the issue of prostitution because of the perception that it is a ?victimless crime?. According to The Times, a parliamentary committee on prostitution has pledged to investigate the problem after the revelations.

The researchers said that, in the past, the calling cards of prostitutes had littered the walls of phone boxes, but social networks had become a more common way to attract clients.

Facebook said that it encourages people ?to use the reporting tools on almost every page of the site so we can take swift action against content or behavior that breaks our rules.?

Mills Kelly, from George Mason University in the US, who has studied the impact of the internet on prostitution, said: ?If you want an escort or sex worker in any major city in the world, Facebook is a good place to start your search."

Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-and-twitter-battle-to-rid-thenselves-of-ads-for-prostitutes-2013-1

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